ScienceDaily (Oct. 12, 2012) — A team of
researchers at the University of Helsinki has discovered how indoor mould makes
people sick.The only remedy is to heal the living environment.
For more than a decade, it has been known that the
fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum is the most common finding wherever
people are suffering from health hazards related to damp building damage.
However, it has not been known how this mould -- which is typical of most
buildings with indoor air problems -- harms people's health. Published in
September, a study by a team of researchers at the Department of Food and
Environmental Sciences of the University of Helsinki explains how microbial
metabolites in the living environment cause health problems
With their colleagues, Raimo Mikkola, Maria
Andersson and Mirja Salkinoja-Salonen have studied indoor mould for a long time.
They discovered that the toxic substance produced by the mould fungus
Trichoderma longibrachiatum consists of small peptides that contain
alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and other amino acids not found in proteins. The
discovery and purification of the toxin to determine its molecular structure was
made possible by a sperm test developed earlier by the same team. This test
served as a detector in tracing the toxin molecules produced by the
fungus.
The toxic foreign peptides produced
by the Trichoderma longibrachiatum fungus were named trilongins. Their
toxicity is based on their ability to be absorbed in tissues and cells in the
body and produce nanochannels that permeate potassium and sodium. A channel
formed by trilongins can obstruct vital channels that carry potassium and sodium
and control communication systems that regulate heart cells, respiratory cells
and nerve cells, for example.
Health hazards related to foreign
peptides cannot be prevented with antimicrobial drugs. Trilongins are also
highly resistant to heat and antimicrobial chemicals. Diseases caused by the
mould fungus can only be prevented by healing the living environment.
The team discovered more than ten chemically
resistant foreign peptides and determined their molecular structures. Mass
produced by the fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum was measured to
contain as much as 10 percent trilongins. Of the nanochannels produced by
trilongins, 2:1 combinations of long and short trilongins were the most harmful
for the cells of humans and other warm-blooded animals. These channels remained
active for a longer time than channels consisting of one type of
trilongin.The study was carried out by the Finnish Centre of Excellence in Integrative Photosynthesis and Bioactive Compound Research at Systems Biology Level with support from the Academy of Finland and the Finnish Work Environment Fund.
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